{"id":2266,"date":"2021-09-29T04:59:32","date_gmt":"2021-09-28T20:59:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.develop-note.com\/blog\/?p=2266"},"modified":"2022-02-16T17:36:04","modified_gmt":"2022-02-16T09:36:04","slug":"middleware","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.develop-note.com\/blog\/2021\/09\/29\/middleware\/","title":{"rendered":"D-16 \u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4 ? middleware"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4<\/h1>\n

\u6628\u5929\u5c0f\u5149\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5947\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u56de\u60f3\u8001K\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6d41\u6c34\u7dda\u9019\u6642\u767c\u73fe\u4e86Custom Middlewares\u9019\u500b\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5927\u65e9\u5c31\u8ddf\u5927\u982d\u8acb\u6559\u9019\u8ddf\u8def\u7531\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4 Middleware<\/h2>\n

\u300c\u524d\u8f29\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u8ddf\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\u963f\u3002\u300d
\n\u4e00\u5927\u65e9\u5c0f\u5149\u5c31\u8feb\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f85\u7684\u554f\u5927\u982d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4eca\u5929\u5927\u982d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u628a\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u90fd\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u60a0\u54c9\u7684\u5728\u4e0a\u7db2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u807d\u5230\u5c0f\u5149\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\u3002
\n\u300c\u54c8\u54c8\u54c8\uff0c\u4f60\u773c\u775b\u883b\u92b3\u5229\u7684\u5594\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u8001K\u90a3\u5929\u5728\u8aaa\u660e\u8acb\u6c42\u6d41\u6c34\u7dda\u6642\u8b1b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662fdotnetcore\u5167\u5efa\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u3002\u300d
\n\u807d\u5230\u5927\u982d\u9019\u6a23\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5c0f\u5149\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u3002
\n\u300c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u505a\u6bcf\u500b\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u55ce?\u300d
\n\u300c\u54c8\u54c8\u54c8\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u55ce\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u600e\u9ebc\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39<\/h3>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u5011\u518d\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u6b21\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4<\/a>\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5167\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u9664\u4e86\u8acb\u6c42\u6d41\u6c34\u7dda\u4e4b\u5916\u9084\u6709\u4ecb\u7d39\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u8acb\u5148\u770b\u4e0b\u5716\u3002<\/p>\n

\"MSDN MSDN \u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7dda<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u4e0a\u6b21\u8aaa\u660e\u8acb\u6c42\u6d41\u6c34\u7dda\u6642\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u6703\u4f9d\u5e8f\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u5c64\u5c64\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u901a\u904e\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u5f8c\u624d\u6703\u5230\u9054Action\u7684\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5f85Action\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\u624d\u6703\u5728\u4e00\u5c64\u5c64\u7684\u8fd4\u9084\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\u624d\u6703\u628a\u53cd\u61c9\u56de\u994b\u7d66\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4<\/a>\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

App.Use<\/h3>\n

\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8f03\u7c21\u6613\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728StartUp\u5167\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)\n{\n    app.Use((context, next) =>\n    {\n        \/\/ \u8655\u7406\u8cc7\u6599\n\n        \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u91dd\u5c0dcontext\u505a\u8655\u7406\n        context.Response.Headers.Add("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff");\n\n        \/\/ \u4e1f\u7d66\u4e0b\u4e00\u500bmiddleware\u6216\u662f\u9032\u5165MVC\u7684action\u5167\n        return next();\n    });\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9019\u908a\u7684Use\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u4e32\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\u6703\u505a\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5217\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)\n{\n    app.Use((context, next) =>\n    {\n        context.Response.Headers.Add("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff");\n        return next();\n    });\n\n    app.Use(async (context, next) =>\n    {\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");\n    });\n\n    app.Use((context, next) =>\n    {\n        context.Response.Headers.Add("X-Xss-Protection", "1");\n        return next();\n    });\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0d\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ea\u662f\u57f7\u884c\u8acb\u6c42\u9032\u53bb\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u908a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u8981\u8655\u7406\u9032\u53bb\u8ddf\u8fd4\u9084\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6642\u8981\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)\n{\n    app.Use(async (context, next) =>\n    {\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Middleware in. \\r\\n");\n        await next.Invoke();\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Middleware out. \\r\\n");\n    });\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
App.Run<\/h3>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u8ddfUse\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u6703\u88ab\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u8acb\u770b\u4e0b\u5217\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)\n{\n    app.Use(async (context, next) =>\n    {\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Middleware in. \\r\\n");\n        await next.Invoke();\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Middleware out. \\r\\n");\n    });\n\n    app.Run(async context =>\n    {\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello from 2nd delegate.\\r\\n");\n    });\n\n    app.Use(async (context, next) =>\n    {\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Middleware Second in. \\r\\n");\n        await next.Invoke();\n        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Middleware Second out. \\r\\n");\n    });\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6703\u662f\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
Middleware in. \nHello from 2nd delegate.\nMiddleware out.  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500bUse<\/code>\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u56e0\u70baRun<\/code>\u800c\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
App.Map \/ App.MapWhen<\/h3>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u662fMap\u8ddfMapWhen\uff0c\u9019\u90fd\u662f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684Url\u800c\u9032\u5165\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u5169\u500b\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)\n{\n    \/\/ \u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9aurl\n    app.Map("\/blog", myApp =>\n    {\n        myApp.Run(async context =>\n        {\n             await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");\n        });\n    });\n\n    \/\/ \u689d\u4ef6\u6210\u7acb\u5247\u57f7\u884c\n    app.MapWhen(context => context.Request.Query.ContainsKey("blog"), myApp =>\n    {\n        myApp.Run(async context =>\n        {\n             await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");\n        });\n    });\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5169\u500b\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u985e\u5225<\/h3>\n
\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u985e\u5225\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u5169\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5ba3\u544a\u4e26\u5be6\u4f5c\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5206\u5225\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5ba3\u544a\u53ca\u5be6\u4f5c<\/h4>\n
\u5ba3\u544a\u53ca\u5be6\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u985e\u5225\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
public class CustomMiddleware\n{\n    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;\n\n    public CustomMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)\n    {\n        _next = next;\n    }\n\n    public Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext)\n    {\n        \/\/ \u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\n        if (!CheckSomething())\n        {\n            \/\/ \u7d50\u675f\u4e0d\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\n            return;\n        }\n\n        \/\/ \u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\n        return _next(httpContext);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u985e\u5225\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u8a3b\u518a\u5168\u57df\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\u639b\u4e0a\u5c6c\u6027attribute<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9996\u5148\u4e0b\u5217\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8a3b\u518a\u5168\u57df\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
app.UseMiddleware<CustomMiddleware>();<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9019\u6a23\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u6703\u9032\u5230\u81ea\u8a02\u7fa9\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\u639b\u4e0a\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u3002<\/p>\n
[MiddlewareFilter(typeof(ControllerMiddleware))]\npublic class HomeController : Controller\n{\n    [MiddlewareFilter(typeof(ActionMiddleware))]\n    public IActionResult Index()\n    {\n        \/\/ ...\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u6b64Controller\u7684\u6240\u6709Action\u90fd\u6703\u7d93\u904eControllerMiddleware<\/code>\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\uff0c\u800c\u9032\u5165Index\u9019\u500bAction\u6642\u6703\u7d93\u904eActionMiddleware<\/code>\u9019\u500b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u3002<\/p>\n
\u64f4\u5145\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n
\u76f8\u4fe1\u8b80\u8005\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u770b\u5f88\u591aUseXXX\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u5176\u5be6\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u61c9dotnetcore\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u900f\u904eextension\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a3b\u518a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5be6\u969b\u80cc\u5f8c\u88e1\u662f\u57f7\u884c\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
public static class CustomMiddlewareExtensions\n{\n    public static IApplicationBuilder UseCustomMiddleware(this IApplicationBuilder builder)\n    {\n        return builder.UseMiddleware<CustomMiddleware>();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u6b64\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5c64\u4e5f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
app.UseCustomMiddleware();<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f8c\u8a18<\/h2>\n
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\u81ea\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8edf\u9ad4 \u6628\u5929\u5c0f\u5149\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5947\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u56de\u60f3\u8001K\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u6d41\u6c34\u7dda\u9019\u6642\u767c\u73fe … <\/p>\n
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